Home Remedies for Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common condition that occurs when the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted, leading to an overgrowth of harmful bacteria. While not a sexually transmitted infection, it is more prevalent among sexually active individuals and can cause uncomfortable and embarrassing symptoms.

Estimates suggest that 10% to 64% of women of reproductive age will experience BV at some point in their lives. It is especially common during pregnancy and in women with certain risk factors.

Common Symptoms of BV

Not all women with BV experience symptoms, but when they do, they may notice:

  • Thin white, gray, or watery discharge
  • Fishy odor, especially after intercourse
  • Burning during urination
  • Vaginal itching or irritation

Since symptoms can overlap with other infections like yeast infections or STIs, it's important to see a doctor for an accurate diagnosis.

What Causes Bacterial Vaginosis?

The exact cause of BV remains unclear, but it results from an imbalance in the vaginal microbiome—the ecosystem of bacteria that helps protect against infection. BV can develop when harmful bacteria outnumber beneficial ones like Lactobacillus.

Risk Factors Include:

  • Having a new or multiple sex partners
  • Having a female sex partner
  • Douching or using vaginal deodorants
  • Smoking
  • Using an intrauterine device (IUD) for birth control
  • Not using condoms consistently

BV is not spread through toilet seats, bedding, or swimming pools, and it is not considered contagious. However, it may be triggered or worsened by sexual activity.

Medical Risks Associated with BV

While BV is not usually dangerous, it can increase the risk of complications, especially during pregnancy or before medical procedures.

  • Increased risk of miscarriage or early delivery in pregnant women
  • Greater chance of infection after gynecological surgery (C-section, hysterectomy, abortion)
  • Higher susceptibility to STIs like chlamydia, gonorrhea, and HIV

When to See a Doctor

If you notice unusual vaginal discharge, odor, or irritation, it's best to consult a healthcare provider. BV is typically diagnosed with a pelvic exam and a sample of vaginal fluid. A doctor can prescribe antibiotics like metronidazole or clindamycin, which are very effective at clearing the infection.

You should especially seek medical attention if:

  • This is your first time experiencing these symptoms
  • You are pregnant and have BV symptoms
  • You have recurring episodes of BV
  • Symptoms don't improve after a few days of home treatment

Remedies to Avoid

  • Douching – This disrupts the natural balance of bacteria and can worsen BV or lead to other infections.
  • Perfumed soaps or vaginal sprays – These may irritate sensitive tissues and disrupt natural pH.
  • Garlic cloves or oils inserted vaginally – Though garlic has antimicrobial properties, applying it directly can cause burns and irritation.

Lifestyle Tips for Prevention

Preventing bacterial vaginosis often comes down to protecting the vaginal microbiome:

  • Practice safe sex by using condoms and limiting partners
  • Avoid douching or using internal cleansers
  • Wear breathable cotton underwear and avoid tight synthetic clothing
  • Wipe front to back after using the toilet
  • Manage stress and support immune health with proper sleep and nutrition

Home Remedies for Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis is common, frustrating, and sometimes recurrent but treatable. By working with your healthcare provider and supporting your body's natural defenses, you can find relief and prevent future episodes.

Probiotics, vitamins, safe hygiene practices, and OTC treatments can help restore balance and keep your vaginal flora healthy. If symptoms persist or worsen, seek professional care to ensure an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment plan.

Some natural remedies may help rebalance the vaginal microbiome and relieve symptoms of BV. These approaches are most useful for mild or recurrent cases and should not replace medical care if symptoms are severe.

Probiotic Yogurt

Probiotic-rich yogurt contains live cultures of Lactobacillus, the same bacteria that help maintain vaginal health. Eating 1–2 servings daily may help restore the natural balance of bacteria.

Some women also use it topically by applying plain yogurt inside the vagina with a clean tampon. This should be done carefully and only with unflavored, unsweetened yogurt. If no improvement occurs within 2–3 days, discontinue and consult a doctor.

Oral Probiotics

Oral probiotic supplements containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 and Lactobacillus reuteri have been shown in some studies to support vaginal flora and reduce recurrence of BV. Look for refrigerated, high-quality brands and take them daily for several weeks.

Folic Acid and B-Vitamin Complex

There is anecdotal evidence and limited research suggesting that folic acid and B vitamins may support immune function and vaginal health. Start with 400 mcg of folic acid daily with a balanced B-complex supplement. Avoid exceeding the upper limit of 1000 mcg unless directed by a healthcare provider.

Vitamin D

Low vitamin D levels have been associated with increased risk of BV. Sun exposure and vitamin D-rich foods like salmon, eggs, and fortified dairy can help. A supplement of 1000–2000 IU daily may be beneficial, especially in winter or with limited sun exposure.

Apple Cider Vinegar Bath

Apple cider vinegar may help lower vaginal pH, making the environment less hospitable to harmful bacteria. Add 2 cups to a warm bath and soak for 15-20 minutes. Avoid inserting vinegar directly into the vagina, as it can cause irritation.

Tea Tree Oil (Diluted)

Tea tree oil has natural antibacterial and antifungal properties. A few drops diluted in a carrier oil (like coconut oil) can be applied externally, not internally, around the vulva to relieve discomfort. Never insert undiluted essential oils into the vagina.

Hydrogen Peroxide (Vaginal Rinse)

Some studies suggest that hydrogen peroxide (3%) vaginal rinses may help reduce symptoms of BV and bacterial overgrowth. Mix 1 part hydrogen peroxide with 1 part water and use as a rinse once daily for no more than 5 days. Discontinue if irritation occurs. Always check with your doctor before using this method.

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Options

Several OTC products can support vaginal health and reduce recurrence of BV symptoms:

  • Boric acid suppositories – These help balance vaginal pH and may prevent recurrent BV. Use only as directed and never orally. Not safe during pregnancy.
  • Vaginal probiotic suppositories – Inserted directly into the vagina to replenish beneficial bacteria
  • pH-balancing gels – Available in most drugstores to maintain an acidic environment

While these can be effective for mild symptoms or prevention, they should not substitute for antibiotics in active infections.